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2024 Vol.11, Issue 4 Preview Page

Original Article

Effect of Lead, Arsenic and Cadmium on the Growth and Metal Accumulation of Salix gracilistyla Miq. in Metal Contaminated Soil

중금속 인공토양에서 갯버들의 생육특성과 중금속 흡수에 납, 비소 및 카드뮴의 영향

Seung Jin Joo1
,
Yujin Kim2
,
Keum Chul Yang2*
주 승진1
,
김 유진2
,
양 금철2*
1Director, Center for Atmospheric and Environmental Modeling (CAEM), Seoul 08375, Korea
2Professor, Department of Smart Infrastructure Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Korea
1대기환경모델링센터 센터장
2공주대학교 스마트인프라공학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2024. pp. 244-256
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Abstract

A pot experiment was conducted using soil contaminated with heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, and cadmium to investigate the tolerance and accumulation of these metals in the Korean native plant Salix gracilistyla Miq. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse over a period of 16 weeks, during which the plant's potential for use in phytoremediation was also evaluated. Soil was spiked with arsenic at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1; lead at 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 mg kg-1; and cadmium at 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg kg-1. The results showed that Salix gracilistyla Miq exhibited resistance to heavy metals at all concentration levels. The concentration of heavy metals in the plant generally increased as the concentrations of lead, arsenic, and cadmium in the soil increased. In the 3200 mg kg-1 lead treatment group, the underground parts showed the highest accumulation at 14,460.7 mg kg-1. In the 200 mg kg-1 arsenic treatment group, the underground parts showed the highest accumulation at 1,681.3 mg kg-1. In the 160 mg kg-1 cadmium treatment group, the underground parts showed the highest accumulation at 1,802.5 mg kg-1. Lead showed significantly higher accumulation (approximately 46.0–54.3 times) in the underground parts compared to the aboveground parts. The accumulation of lead, arsenic, and cadmium in whole plants increased with higher soil concentrations of these metals. However, the total accumulation per plant was highest in the 100 mg kg-1 soil arsenic treatment, with accumulation values of 53,661.6 µg plant-1 for 3200 mg kg-1 lead, 3,703.0 µg plant-1 for 100 mg kg-1 arsenic, and 6,753.8 µg plant-1 for 160 mg kg-1 cadmium. The plant translocation factor (TF) was highest for cadmium among the three heavy metal treatments. The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) for the plants was greater than 1 in the arsenic and cadmium treatments but less than 0.1 in the lead treatment. The photosynthetic rates of Salix gracilistyla increased sharply with rising light intensity, plateauing at intensities around 300–1000 μmol m-2 s-1. In the lead, arsenic, and cadmium treatment groups, there was little net photosynthetic response to changes in photon flux density (PPFD) at the highest heavy metal concentration levels. Notably, soil contamination with arsenic had the greatest inhibitory effect on physiological photosynthetic activity compared to the other heavy metal treatments. The results indicated that Salix gracilistyla survived in soil contaminated with high concentrations of metals and accumulated lead in its roots, suggesting its potential for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with a mixture of lead, arsenic, and cadmium.

Keywords
Bioaccumulation factor
Heavy metal
Photosynthetic rates
Phytoremediation
Pot experiment
Salix gracilistyla
Translocation factor

납, 비소 및 카드뮴으로 인공적으로 오염된 토양을 제조하여 온실에서 16주동안 자생식물인 갯버들에 대한 중금속의 내성과 축적을 조사하기 위해 화분 실험을 수행하여 식물복원에 사용할 수 있는 잠재력도 평가하였다. 토양에 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg 비소, 400, 800, 1600, 3200 mg/kg 납, 20, 40, 80, 160 mg/kg 카드뮴을 첨가하여 실험에 사용하였다. 실험 결과 갯버들(Salix gracilistyla)은 모든 농도 수준에서 중금속에 대한 내성을 보였다. 식물의 중금속 농도는 일반적으로 토양의 납, 비소, 카드뮴 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 3200 mg/kg 납 처리구에서 지하부는 14460.7 mg/kg로 가장 높은 축적을 보였고, 200 mg/kg 비소 처리구에서 지하부는 1681.3 mg/kg로 가장 높은 축적을 보였고, 160 mg/kg 카드뮴 처리구에서 지하부는 1802.5 mg/kg로 가장 높은 축적을 보였다. 납은 지하부에서 지상부보다 더 높은 축적(약 46.0~54.3배)을 보였다. 식물 개체당 납, 비소 및 카드뮴 총 축적량은 토양 납, 비소 및 카드뮴 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가했으나, 비소의 경우 3단계 농도 구배인 100 mg/kg 비소 처리에서 식물 개체당 총 축적량이 가장 높았다. 축적량은 각각 3200 mg/kg Pb, 100 mg/kg As 및 160 mg/kg Cd에서 53661.6, 3703.0 및 6753.8 µg/plant이었습니다. 또한 지하부에서 지상부로의 중금속 이동계수(TF)는 세 중금속 처리 중 카드뮴에서 가장 높았고, 토양 중금속의 생축적계수(BCF)는 비소 및 카드뮴 처리에서 1보다 높았지만 납 처리에서는 0.1 미만이었다. 갯버들의 순광합성 속도는 광량자속밀도(PPFD)가 점차 상승함에 따라 증가했으며 300–1000 μmol m-2s-1 정도의 강도에서 비교적 안정화되었다. 가장 높은 4단계 중금속 농도 수준에서 광량자속밀도(PPFD)의 변화에 ​​대한 순광합성 반응이 거의 없었다. 특히 비소로 오염된 토양은 다른 중금속 처리에 비해 생리적 광합성 활성에 가장 큰 억제 효과를 보였다. 결과적으로 S. gracilistyla는 고농도의 중금속으로 오염된 토양에서 생존하였고 지하부에 납을 고농도로 축적하여 납, 비소 및 카드뮴으로 오염된 토양의 식물복원에 대한 잠재력을 가지고 있음을 시사했다.

키워드
생축적계수
중금속
순광합성 속도
식물정화
화분실험
갯버들
중금속 이동계수
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Ecology and Infrastructure Engineering
  • Publisher(Ko) :응용생태공학회
  • Journal Title :Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
  • Journal Title(Ko) :응용생태공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 11
  • No :4
  • Pages :244-256
  • Received Date : 2024-12-13
  • Revised Date : 2024-12-24
  • Accepted Date : 2024-12-24
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.17820/eri.2024.11.4.244
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