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Original Article

Analyses of Riparian Vegetation Establishment due to Flow and Sediment Regime Changes – A Case of the Byeongsanseowon Reach of the Upper-Middle Nakdong-gang River : (Ⅰ) Vegetation Recruitment and Establishment

흐름 및 유사이송 변화에 따른 하천의 수림화 현상 연구 – 낙동강 중상류 병산서원 구간 사례: (Ⅰ) 식생이입 및 활착

Hyoseop Woo1*
,
Chang-Lae Jang2
,
Kang-Hyun Cho3
,
Won Kim4
,
Daehyun Kim5
우 효섭1*
,
장 창래2
,
조 강현3
,
김 원4
,
김 대현5
1Visiting Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
2Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea
3Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
4Senior Research Fellow, Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Korea
5Professor, Department of Geography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
1연세대학교 토목환경공학과 객원교수
2한국교통대학교 토목공학과 교수
3인하대학교 생명과학과 교수
4한국건설기술연구원 수자원하천연구본부 선임연구위원
5서울대학교 지리학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 March 2025. pp. 9-25
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Abstract

Dam construction, river improvement, flow regulation, and other anthropogenic interventions on alluvial rivers, along with alterations in precipitation patterns in the watershed due to climate change, have significant repercussions on vegetative dynamics through hydro-geomorphological processes. Specifically, the proliferation of vegetation along riverine systems often results in channel narrowing, bed erosion, and the transformation of multi-thread channels into single-thread configurations. In the study area of the Nakdong-gang River, located adjacent to Byeongsanseowon in the upper middle reach, the recruitment and establishment of vegetation occurred during 1991 through 1994, culminating in the emergence of a willow-dominated forest by 2023. This transformation has been corroborated through comprehensive hydrological, topographic, vegetation, and hydraulic analyses conducted in the study area. Notably, the onset of vegetation introduction in this region coincided with the period of artificial flow regulation associated with the completion of the Imha Dam in the upstream. In fact, following the completion of the Andong Dam on the main channel in 1976, the incidence of flooding in the Nakdong-gang River was markedly diminished, with effective flood control measures implemented in the tributary Banbyeoncheon, where the Imha Dam is located. Consequently, during the 1991 to 1994 period, the dimensionless bed shear stress in the study area remained below 0.1, suggesting the establishment of favorable conditions for vegetation recruitment and persistence during this timeframe. It is noteworthy that the years 1993-1994 coincided with drought conditions prevalent in the region. Presently, the study reach has attained a stable phase of natural afforestation, which functions as a flow resistance factor during flood events. This condition has implications for a concentrated flow in the channel, leading to potential risks associated with bank and bed erosion. The challenges posed by elevated flood levels resulting from the afforestation, along with necessary river management measures, will be elaborated upon in Part Ⅱ of this paper.

Keywords
Afforestation
Bars
Bed shear stress
Dam
Flow and sediment regime
Vegetation recruitment

충적하천에 댐건설, 하천정비, 유량조절 등 인위적으로 교란을 주거나 기타 기후변화 등으로 유역의 강수양상이 달라지면 수문지형 동역학적 과정을 통해 지형 변화에 함께 식생변화가 나타난다. 특히 하천에 식생역의 확장은 보통 하도의 협착화, 하상세굴, 다지하도의 단일하도화 등을 가져온다. 본 연구의 조사 대상구간인 낙동강 중상류 병산서원 앞 하천은 1991년 이후 1994년까지 식생이 이입, 활착되어 천이를 거쳐 2023년 기준 버드나무류 중심의 수림화가 진행되었다. 이러한 과정은 조사구간에서 수문, 지형, 식생, 수리 분석을 통해 교차 확인되었다. 이 구간에서 식생의 이입이 시작된 시기는 1991년으로서 이는 임하댐 준공연도이다. 그 전 1976년 안동댐 준공 이후 낙동강 본류구간은 홍수가 사실상 사라지고, 지류 반변천에서도 홍수가 조절되어 1991-1994년 동안 조사구간 사주에서 무차원 하상소류력은 최대 0.1을 넘지 못했다. 이 기간에 식생 이입/활착의 호조건이 조성된 것으로 추정된다. 특히 1993-1994년은 우리나라에서 갈수년에 해당한다. 조사구간 사주에 식생은 1991년에 이입이 시작되어 현재 수림화 안정단계로 천이 되었으며, 이는 홍수시 흐름저항 요인으로 작용하여 흐름의 하도 집중화 및 그로 인한 강턱침식 및 하상세굴 위험을 높인다. 수림화로 인한 조사구간의 계획홍수위 상승 문제 및 그에 따른 하천관리 대책에 대해서는 이 논문의 제2부에서 다룬다.

키워드
수림화
사주
하상소류력
댐
흐름 및 유사이송
식생이입
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Ecology and Infrastructure Engineering
  • Publisher(Ko) :응용생태공학회
  • Journal Title :Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
  • Journal Title(Ko) :응용생태공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 12
  • No :1
  • Pages :9-25
  • Received Date : 2025-03-03
  • Revised Date : 2025-03-17
  • Accepted Date : 2025-03-17
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.17820/eri.2025.12.1.009
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