All Issue

2015 Vol.2, Issue 3 Preview Page
Application Possibility of Naphthoquinone Derivative Nq 4-6 for Mitigation of Winter Diatom Bloom

겨울철 규조류 대발생 제어를 위한 Naphthoquinone 유도체 Nq 4-6의 적용 가능성

Jung-Hwan Byun1
,
Jae-Hyoung Joo2
,
Baik-Ho Kim2
,
Myung-Soo Han1,2*
변 정환1
,
주 재형2
,
김 백호2
,
한 명수1,2*
1Department of Environmental Science, Hanyang University
2Department of Life Science, Hanyang University
1한양대학교 환경과학과
2한양대학교 생명과학과
*교신저자. *Corresponding Author. 
30 September 2015. pp. 224-236
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

We conducted the algicidal activity screening tests using 10 L microcosm to investigate the possibility of the field application of naphthoquinone derivative Nq 4-6 compound as an algicide. We determined its application range to assess its algicidal effects on the phytoplankton and to evaluate the response of the planktonic community and the water environment to this chemical. From results of the microcosm experiments, Nq 4-6 compound showed high algicidal activity on the centric diatoms such as Stephanodiscus hantzschii and Cyclotella meneghiniana, but it had no effect on other phytoplankton. The abundance of S. hantzschii continuously increased in the control, but its cell density decreased 1 day after the Nq 4-6 treatment. In particular, Nq 4-6 showed algicidal activity of 94.4% against S. hantzschii 7 days after the treatment. The dominance index of phytoplankton community was lower in the treatment than in the control. The diversity index, richness index and evenness index of phytoplankton community was higher in the treatment. Environmental factors and biological factors did not show specific changes after the Nq 4-6 compound treatment. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrates that Nq 4-6 is an effective agent for the control of S. hantzschii blooms, and that the microcosm tests play a crucial role when assessing field application.

Keywords
Algicidal substance
Diatom bloom
Microcosm test
Naphthoquinone
Stephanodiscus hantzschii

겨울철 한강과 낙동강에서 규조 Stephanodiscus hantzschii에 의한 조류발생이 빈번하게 일어나며, 이로 인한 수자원의 질적변화와 정수과정에 많은 경제적 손실을 주고 있다. 본 연구진은 조류대발생의 원인종인 S. hantzschii을 제어할 수 있는 naphthoquinone (Nq) 화합물을 개발하였다. 본 연구는 개발된 Nq 화합물 중 가장 친환경적인 화합물을 선정하기 위한 실험으로 물질의 살조범위 실험과 낙동강 현장수를 이용한 10 L 규모의 미소생태 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 Nq 4-6 화합물의 살조범위는 원반형 규조류에 특이적으로 나타났으며, 남조류 및 녹조류에 대해 살조 활성이 나타나지 않았다. 미소생태 실험 결과, 대조구에서 S. hantzschii가 지속적으로 세포밀도가 증가한 반면, Nq 4-6 화합물을 접종한 처리구에서는 처리 7일째 대조구 대비 S. hantzschii가 94.4% 감소하였으며, S. hantzschii를 제외한 나머지 규조류 및 녹조류에서는 Nq 4-6 화합물 처리 후 살조활성이 관찰되지 않았다. 식물플랑크톤 군집 분석 결과 대조구에 비해 처리구에서 우점도는 낮게 나타났으며, 다양도, 풍부도, 균등도 등은 처리구에서 높게 나타났다. 물리화학적요인 (용존산소, pH, 영양염) 및 미소생물 (heterotrophic nanoflagellates, 섬모충, 박테리아) 등에서도 Nq 4-6 화합물 처리 후 특이적인 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 Nq 4-6 화합물은 생태독성이 낮고, 겨울철 국내 하천에서 매년 대발생을 일으키는 규조 S. hantzschii만을 특이적으로 제어함을 확인하였으며, 적용 시 식물플랑크톤 종 다양성을 증진시키는 친환경적인 조류제어제로 판단된다.

키워드
살조 물질
규조류 대발생
미소생태 실험
Stephanodiscus hantzschii
나프토퀴논
References
1
APHA. 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. APHA-AWWA-WEF, Washington D.C., USA.
2
Atkinson, R., Tuazon, E.C. and Arey, J. 1990. Reactions of naphthalene in N2O5-NO3-NO2-air mixtures. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 22: 1071-1081.
3
Beakes, G.W., Canter, H.M. and Jaworski, G.H.M. 1988. Zoospore ultrastructure of Zygorhizidium affluens and Z. planktonicum, two chytrids para-sitizing the diatom Asterionella formosa. Canadian Journal of Botany 66: 1054–1067.
4
Bourne, D.G., Jones, G.J., Blakeley, R.L., Jones A., Negri, A.P. and Riddles, P. 1996. Enzymatic path-way for the bacterial degradation of the cyano-bacterial cyclic peptide toxin microcystin LR. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62: 4086-4094.
5
Byun, J.H., Kim, H.K., Mun, S.K. and Kim, B.H. 2014. Water quality improvement by natural plant-mineral composition and field temperatures of a eutrophic lake in South Korea. Journal of Environmental Biology 35: 807-813.
6
Cho, K.J., Shin, J.K., Kwak, S.K. and Lee, O.H. 1998. Diatom genus Stephanodiscus as eutrophi-cation indicator for water quality assessment. Korea Journal of Environmental Biology 31: 204- 210. (in Korean)
7
Choi, H.J., Kim, B.H., Kim, J.D. and Han, M.S. 2005. Streptomyces neyagawaensis as a control for the hazardous biomass of Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) in eutrophic freshwaters. Biological Control 33: 335-343.
8
Choi, J.K., Lee, E.H., Noh, J.H. and Huh, S.H. 1997. The study on the phytoplankton bloom and primary productivity in Lake Shihwa and adjacent coastal areas. Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography 2: 78-86. (in Korean)
9
Dawson, R.M. 1998. The toxicology of microcystins. Toxicon 36: 953-962.
10
Dong, Y., Chin, S.F., Blanco, E., Bey, E. A., Kabbani, W., Xie, X.J., Bornmann, W.G., Boothman, D.A. and Gao, J. 2009. Intratumoral delivery of beta- lapachone via polymer implants for prostate cancer therapy. Clinical Cancer Research 15: 131- 139.
11
Froelich, P.N., Blanc, V., Mortlock, R.A., Chillrud, S.N., Dunstan, W., Udomkit, A. and Peng, T.H. 1992. River fluxes of dissolved silica to the ocean were higher during glacials: Ge/Si in diatom, rivers, and oceans. Paleoceanography 7: 739-767.
12
Gumbo, R.J., Ross, G., and Cloete, E.T. 2008. Biological control of Microcystis dominated harmful algal blooms. African Journal of Biotechnology 7: 4765-4773.
13
Gumbo, R.J., Ross, G. and Cloete, T. 2010. The isolation and identification of predatory bacteria from a Microcystis algal bloom. African Journal of Biotechnology 9: 663-671.
14
Ha, K., Jang, M.H., and Joo, G.J. 2003. Winter Stephanodiscus bloom development in the Nakdong River regulated by an estuary dam and tributaries. Hydrobiologia 506-509: 221-227.
15
Han, M.S., Lee, H.R., Hong, S.S., Kim, Y.O., Lee, K., Choi, Y.K., Kim, S. and Yoo, K.I., 2002. Ecological studies on Togyo Reservoir system in Chulwon, Korea. V. Seasonal changes of size- fractionated standing crops and chlorophyll a of phytoplankton in Kyunan Stream of Paldang River-Reservoir systems and Togyo Reservoir, Korea. Korean Journal of Environmental Biology 20: 91-99. (in Korean)
16
Hong, S.K. 2014. A Convention on biological diver-sity, island biodiversity and strategy of Korea. Journal of Korean Island 26: 187-202. (in Korean)
17
Ichimura, T. 1971 Sexual cell division and conjugation- papilla formation in sexual reproduction of Clos-terium strigosum. In, Nishizawa, K. (ed.). Pro-ceedings of the Seventh International Seaweed Symposium. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 208-214.
18
Jacob, V. 1960. Phytoplankton communities of western Lake Erie and the CO2 and O2 changes associated with them. Limnology and Oceanography 5: 372- 380.
19
Joo, J.H. 2012. Field Assessment for Naphthoquinone Group on the Mitigation of Freshwater Diatom Stephanodiscus Bloom. Master Thesis. Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea. (in Korean)
20
Jung, S.W., Kim, B.H., Katano, T., Kong, D.S. and Han, M.S., 2008. Pseudomonas fluorescens HYK 0210-SK09 offers species-specific biological control of winter algal blooms caused by freshwater diatom Stephanodiscus hantzschii. Journal of Applied Microbiology 105: 186-195.
21
Kang, Y.H., Peng, S.W., Jo, S.H. and Han, M.S. 2011. Field assessment of the potential algicidal bacteria against diatom blooms. Biocontrol Science and Technology 21: 969-984.
22
Kim, B.H., Choi, J.Y., Hwang, S.J. and Han, M.S. 2004. Influences of nutrient deficiency on the phytoplankton community in Pal’tang Reservoir, Korea. Korean Journal of Limnology 37: 47-56. (in Korean)
23
Kim, H.M., Lee, J.H. and An, K.G. 2008. Water quality and ecosystem health assessments in urban stream ecosystem. Korean Journal of Environmental Biology 26: 311-322. (in Korean)
24
Kooijman, S.A.L.M. 1987. A safety factor for LC50 values allowing for differences in sensitivity among species. Water Research 21: 269–276.
25
Koss, A.M. and Snyder, W.E. 2005. Alternative prey disrupt biocontrol by a guild of generalist predators. Biological Control 32: 243-251.
26
Lee, C.W., Jung, C.W., Han, S.W., Kang, L.S. and Lee, J.H. 2001. The removal of algae by oxidation and coagulation process. Journal of Korea Society of Environmental Engineers 23: 1527-1536. (in Korean)
27
Lim, B.J., Kim, S.H. and Jun, S.O. 2002. Application of various plants as an inhibitor of algal growth: studies in barge enclosure and artificially eutrophi-cated pond. Korean Journal of Limnology 35: 123-132. (in Korean)
28
Lürling, M. and Oosterhout, F.V. 2013. Case study on the efficacy of a lanthanum-enriched clay (Phoslock®) in controlling eutrophication in Lake Het Groene Eiland (The Netherlands). Hydrobiologia 710: 253-263.
29
Margalef, R. 1958. Information theory in ecology. General Systems 3: 36-71.
30
McNaughton, S.J. 1967. Relationships among func-tional properties of Californian grassland. Nature 216: 168-169.
31
Menna-Barreto, R.F., Corrêa, J.R., Cascabullho, C.M., Fernandes, M.C., Pinto, A.V., Soares, M.J. and De Castro, S.L. 2009. Napthtoimidazoles promote different death phenotypes in Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitology 136: 499-510.
32
Monks, T.J., Hanzlik, R.P., Cohen, G.M., Ross, D. and Graham, D.G. 1992. Quinone chemistry and toxicity. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 112: 2-16.
33
Morin, P.J. 2011. Community Ecology. Wiley Black-well, Oxford, UK.
34
O’Brien, P.J., 1991. Molecular mechanisms of quinone cytotoxicity. Chemico-Biological Interaction 80: 1-41.
35
Park, M.H., Lee, S.J., Yoon, B.D. and Oh, H.M. 2001. Effects of cell CaSi and bioflocculant on the control of algal bloom. Korean Journal of Environ-mental Biology 19: 129-135. (in Korean)
36
Pielou, E.C. 1969. Shannon’s formula as a measure of specific diversity: its use and misuse. The Ame-rican Naturalist 100: 463-465.
37
Porter, K.G. and Feig, Y.S. 1980. The use of DAPI for identifying and counting aquatic microflora. Limnology and Oceanography 25: 943-948
38
Proctor, L.M. and Fuhrman, J.A. 1990. Viral mortality of marine bacteria and cyanobacteria. Nature 343: 60-62.
39
Sasaki, J., Aschmann, S.M. and Kwok, E.S.C., Atkinson, R. and Arey, J. 1997. Products of the gas-phase OH and NO3 radical-initiated reactions of naphthalene. Environmental Science Technology 31: 3173-3179.
40
Shigui, R. 1993. Persistence and coexistence in zooplankton-phytoplankton-nutrient models with instantaneous nutrient recycling. Journal of Mathe-matical Biology 31: 633-654.
41
Tilman, D. and Kilham, S.S. 1976. Phosphate and silicate growth and uptake kinetics of the diatoms Asterionella formosa and Cyclotella meneghiniana in batch and semicontinuous culture. Journal of Phycology 12:375-383.
42
Yamamoto, M., Murai, H. Takeda, A., Okunishi, S. and Morisaki, S. 2005. Bacterial flora of the biofilm Formed on the submerged surface of the reed Phragmites australis. Microbes and Environ-ments 20: 14-24.
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Ecology and Infrastructure Engineering
  • Publisher(Ko) :응용생태공학회
  • Journal Title :Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
  • Journal Title(Ko) :응용생태공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 2
  • No :3
  • Pages :224-236
  • Received Date : 2015-08-09
  • Revised Date : 2015-08-27
  • Accepted Date : 2015-08-31
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.17820/eri.2015.2.3.224
Journal Informaiton Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close