All Issue

2019 Vol.6, Issue 2 Preview Page

Review Article

Fluvial Processes and Vegetation - Research Trends and Implications

하천과정과 식생 - 연구동향과 시사점

Hyoseop Woo1*
,
Kang-Hyun Cho2
,
Chang Lae Jang3
,
Chan Joo Lee4
우 효섭1*
,
조 강현2
,
장 창래3
,
이 찬주4
1Professor, School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
2Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
3Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Chungbuk 27469, Korea
4Senior Researcher, Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Korea
1광주과학기술원 지구환경공학부 교수
2인하대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과 교수
3한국교통대학교 공과대학 토목공학 전공 교수
4한국건설기술연구원 국토보전연구본부 수석연구원
* Corresponding Author
30 June 2019. pp. 89-100
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

We’ve reviewed existing studies on the interactions among vegetation, hydrology, and geomorphology in the stream corridors, adding one more factor of vegetation in the traditional area of hydro-geomorphology. Understanding of the interactions among those three factors is important not only academically but also practically since it is related intimately to the restoration of river corridor as well as management itself. Studies of this area started from field investigations in the latter part of the 20th century and focused on the flume experiments and then computer modelling in the 1990s and 2000s. Now, it has turned again to the field investigations of specific phenomena of the vegetative-hydrologic-geomorphologic interactions in detailed micro scales. Relevant studies in Korea, however, seem to be uncommon and far behind the international status quo in spite that practically important issues related directly to this topic have been emerged. In this study, we propose, based on the extensive literature review and authors’ own knowledge and experiences, a conceptual diagram expressing the interactions among vegetation, flow (water), sediment, and geomorphology. Existing relevant studies in Korea since the 1990s are classified according to the categorization in the proposed diagrams and then briefly reviewed. Finally, considering the practical issues of riparian vegetation that have emerged recently in Korea, we propose areas of investigation needed in near future such as, among others, long-term and systematic field investigations and monitoring at multiple river corridors having different attributes on vegetative-hydrologic-geomorphologic interactions, including vegetative dynamics for succession.

Keywords
Fluvial processes
Riparian vegetation
Vegetation recruitment
Vegetative-hydrologic-geomorphologic interactions
Hydro-geomorphology

본 연구는 전통적 수문지형학 범주에서 식생요소를 추가하여 식생-수문-지형 간의 상호작용을 연구한 국내외 성과를 정리, 분석한 것이다. 이 분야는 전통적 하천관리는 물론 하천복원과도 직접적으로 관련되어 있어 학술적으로나 실무적으로나 중요하다. 이 분야 연구는 20세기 중후 반부터 시작하여 현지조사-실내실험/수치모형의 단계를 거쳐 21세기 들어 다시 현장에서 정밀, 장기 조사 단계로 가고 있다. 그러나 이 분야 국내 관련연구는 매우 미흡하다. 본 연구는 국내외 관련 연구성과를 분석하고 저자들의 지식과 경험을 토대로 식생-수문-지형 간 상호작용을 설명하는 개념적 모형과 그에 따른 6개의 유형을 제안하였다. 국내 관련연구는 제안된 6개 유형에 따라 분류하고 검토하였다. 다음 국내에서 실제 나타나는 하천식생 관련이슈들을 고려하여 향후 시급히 필요한 연구로서 식생-수문-지형 간 상호작용의 이해를 위해 특성이 서로 다른 복수의 하천에서 이에 대한 장기적, 체계적, 집중적 조사연구 (모니터링) 등 다수를 제안하였다.

키워드
하천과정
수변식생
식생이입
식생-수문-지형상호작용
수문지형학
References
1
Benjankar, R., Egger, G., Jorde, K., Goodwin, P. and Glenn, N.F. 2011. Dynamic floodplain vegetation model development for the Kootenai River, USA. Journal of Environmental Management 92: 3058-3070.
10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.07.01721852032
2
Choi, S.U. and Kang, H. 2004. Reynolds stress modelling of vegetated open-channel flows. Journal of Hydraulic Research, IAHR, 42(1), 3-11.
10.1080/00221686.2004.9641178
3
Cho, H.-J., Jin, S.-N., Lee, H., Marrs, R.H., and Cho, K.-H. 2018. The relationship between the soil seed bank and above-ground vegetation in a sandy floodplain, South Korea. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure, 5(3): 145-155. (in Korean)
4
Choi, S.-U., Yoon, B. M., Woo, H. and Cho, K.-H. 2004. Effect of flow-regime change due to damming on the river morphology and vegetation cover in the downstream river reach: a case of Hapchon Dam on the Hwang River. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 37(1). pp. 55-66. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2004.37.1.055
5
Choi, S.-U., Yoon, B.M. and Woo, H. 2005. Effects of dam-induced flow regime change on downstream river morphology and vegetation cover in the Hwang River, Korea. River Research and Applications, John Wiley & Sons 21: 315-325.
10.1002/rra.849
6
Egger, G., Politti, E., Woo, H. Cho, K.H. Park, M.H., Cho, H.J., Benjankar, R., Lee, N.J. and Lee, H. 2012. Dynamic vegetation model as a tool for ecological impact assessments of dam operation. Journal of Hydro- environment Research 6: 151-161.
10.1016/j.jher.2012.01.007
7
Garófano‐Gómez, V., Martínez‐Capel, F., Bertoldi, W., Gurnell, A., Estornell, J. and Segura‐Beltrán, F. 2013. Six decades of changes in the riparian corridor of a Mediterranean river: a synthetic analysis based on historical data sources. Ecohydrology 6(4): 536-553.
10.1002/eco.1330
8
Gurnell, A. 2014. Plants as river system engineers. Earth Surfaces Processes and Landforms 39: 4-25.
10.1002/esp.3397
9
Im, D., Kim, W., Choi, S.-U. and Kim, Y. 2011. Investigation of critical breaking moment through field tree-pulling test, Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers 31(4B): 323-332. (in Korean)
10
Jang, C.L. 2013. Experimental analysis of the morphological changes of the vegetated channels. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 46(9): 909-919. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2013.46.9.909
11
Jang, C.L. 2016. Experimental study on the sediment sorting processes of the bed surface by geomorphic changes in the vegetated channels. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 49(1): 73-81. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2016.49.1.73
12
Jin, S.N. and Cho, K.H. 2019. Expansion of riparian vegetation due to change of flood regime in the Cheongmi-cheon Stream, Korea. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 3(4): 322-326. (in Korean)
10.17820/eri.2016.3.4.322
13
Kang, H. and Choi, S.U. 2006. Turbulence modelling of compound open-channel flows with and without vegetation on the floodplain using the Reynolds stress model. Advances in Water Resources, 29: 1650-1664.
10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.12.004
14
Kim, T.B., Bae, H.D. and Choi, S.-U. 2010. Development and application of depth-integrated 2-D numerical model for the simulation of hydraulic characteristics in vegetated open-channel. Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers 30(6B): 607-615. (in Korean)
15
Kim, J.S., Kim, W. and Km, H.J. 2011. Application of depth-averaged 2-D numerical model for the evaluation of hydraulic effects in river with the riparian forest. Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers31(2B): 165-173. (in Korean)
16
Kim, H.S., Park, M.H. and Woo, H. 2014a. Numerical experiments of vegetation growth effects on bed change patterns. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 1(2): 68-81. (in Korean)
10.17820/eri.2014.1.2.068
17
Kim, H.J., Shin, B.K. and Kim, W. 2014b. A study on hydro-morphology and vegetation features depending on typology of natural streams in Korea. Korean journal of Environment and Ecology 28(2): 215-234. (in Korean)
10.13047/KJEE.2014.28.2.215
18
Kim, U.J., Cho, K.H. and Kang, J.K. 2014c.The study of correlation between riparian environment and vegetation distribution in Nakdong River. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 47(4): 321-330. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2014.47.4.321
19
Kong, H.Y., Kim, S., Lee, J., Lee, J. and Cho, H. 2016. Riparian environment change and vegetation immigration in sandbar after the sand mining. Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment 32(2): 135-141. (in Korean)
10.15681/KSWE.2016.32.2.135
20
Lane, E.W. 1957. A Study of the shape of channels formed by natural streams flowing in erodible material. US Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Division, Sediment Series, 9. US Army Corps of Engineers: Washington, DC, 106.
21
Lee, S.H. 2002. A study of the relationship between instream vegetation and sediment transport by a hydraulics model experiment. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association35(6): 753-762. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2002.35.6.753
22
Lee, J.W. and Yu, D.Y. 1997. Resistance test of riparian trees. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 30(30): 211-223. (in Korean)
23
Lee, M.J., Lee, S., Ji, Y.Y., Kim, H. J. and Song, H.K. 2002. Riparian vegetation around Pyeongchang-gun, an upper stream of Namhangang. Korean Journal of Environmental Biology 20(1): 55- 65. (in Korean)
24
Lee, D.S., Lee, D.H. and Kim, M.H. 2012a. Roughness coefficients evaluation of the Korean riparian vegetation. Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Hydro-engineering 32(6B): 345-354. (in Korean)
10.12652/Ksce.2012.32.6B.345
25
Lee, J.S., Julien, P.Y., Kim, J.H. and Lee, T.W. 2012b. Derivation of Roughness coefficient relationships using field data in vegetated rivers. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 45(2): 137-149. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2012.45.2.137
26
Lee, C.J., Kim, D.G., Hwang, S.Y., Jeong, S.J., Cho, Y. J., and Kim, S.N. 2019a. Dataset of long-term investigation on change in hydrology, channel Morphology, landscape and vegetation along the Naeseong Stream (II). Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 6(1): 34-48. (in Korean)
27
Lee, C.J., Woo, H. and Jang, C.L. 2019b. Effect of flow regime on accelerated recruitment and establishment of vegetation in unregulated sandy rivers - a case study at Naeseong-cheon Stream in Korea. Proceedings of the 38th IAHR Congress, Panama City, Panama. (To be presented)
28
Leopold, L.B. and Wolman, M.G. 1957. River channel patterns-braided, meandering and straight. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 282B. US Geological Survey: Reston, VA: 39-85.
10.3133/pp282B
29
Mackin, J. 1956. Causes of braiding by a graded river. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 37: 1717-1718.
30
Osterkamp, W.R. and Hupp, C.R. 2010. Fluvial processes and vegetation - Glimpses of the past, the present, and perhaps the future. Geomorphology 116: 274-285.
10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.018
31
Park, B., Jang, C.L., Lee, S.H. and Jung, K.S. 2008. An investigation of changes in the area of riparian bars and vegetative area downstream of dam. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 41: 1163-1172. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2008.41.12.1163
32
Solari, L., Oorschot, M. van, Belletti, B., Hendricks, D., Rinaldi, M. and Vargas-Luna, A. 2016. Advances on modelling riparian vegetation - Hydromorphology interactions. River Research and Applications32(2): 164-178.
10.1002/rra.2910
33
Vanoni, V. edited. 1977. Sedimentation Engineering. ASCE-Manuals and Practices on Engineering Practice - No. 54: 114.
34
Viles, H.A., 1988. Cyanobacterial and other biological influences on terrestrial limestone weathering on Aldabra: implications for landform development. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 8: 5-13.
35
Williams, G.P. 1978. Case of the shrinking channels - the North Platte and Platte Rivers in Nebraska. US Geological Survey, Circular 781(781), Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C., USA.
10.3133/cir781
36
Williams, G.P. and Wolman, M.G. 1984. Downstream effects of dams on alluvial channels. USGS Professional Paper 1286, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C., USA.
10.3133/pp1286
37
Woo, H., Yu, D.Y., Ahn, H.K. and Choi, S. U. 2002. A Preliminary study on vegetation growth on sandbars and scours in the Hwang River. Proceedings of KSCE Annual Conference: 1693-1696. (in Korean)
38
Woo, H. 2008. White river, green river? Magazine of Koreas Water Resources Association 41(12): 38-47. (in Korean)
39
Woo, H. 2009. Literature study of vegetation recruitment on riverine bars (I, II) -Investigation on the process of white river to green river. Magazine of Korea Water Resources Association 42(8): 37-53. (in Korean)
40
Woo, H. and Choi, S. U. 2013. Ch. 17 Hydraulic modeling of floodplain vegetation in Korea: development and applications. Ecohydraulics - an integrated approach, Ina Maddock et al edited, Wiley Blackwell.
10.1002/9781118526576.ch17
41
Woo, H., Jeong, S.J. and Cho, H.J. 2011. A field survey and analysis of ground water level and soil moisture in a riparian vegetation zone. Journal of Koreas Water Resources Association 44(10): 797-807. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2011.44.10.797
42
Woo, H., Kim, J.S., Cho, K.H. and Cho, H.J. 2014. Vegetation recruitment on the ‘white’ sandbars on the Nakdong River at the historical village of Hahoe, Korea. Water and Environment Journal 28(4): 577-591.
10.1111/wej.12074
43
Woo, H., Kim, W. and Ji, W. 2015a. River Hydraulics. Chungmoongak Press: 605 and 627. (in Korean)
44
Woo, H., Kang, J.K., Cho, H.J., Choi, Y. S. and Park, M. H. 2015b. A preliminary verification of the influences of hydrologic regime change and nutrients influx on vegetation recruitment on riparian bars. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 2(4): 284-290. (in Korean)
10.17820/eri.2015.2.4.284
45
Woo, H. and Park, M.H. 2016. Cause-based categorization of the riparian vegetative recruitment and corresponding research direction. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 3(3): 207-211. (in Korean)
10.17820/eri.2016.3.3.207
1
Benjankar, R., Egger, G., Jorde, K., Goodwin, P. and Glenn, N.F. 2011. Dynamic floodplain vegetation model development for the Kootenai River, USA. Journal of Environmental Management 92: 3058-3070.
10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.07.01721852032
2
Choi, S.U. and Kang, H. 2004. Reynolds stress modelling of vegetated open-channel flows. Journal of Hydraulic Research, IAHR, 42(1), 3-11.
10.1080/00221686.2004.9641178
3
Cho, H.-J., Jin, S.-N., Lee, H., Marrs, R.H., and Cho, K.-H. 2018. The relationship between the soil seed bank and above-ground vegetation in a sandy floodplain, South Korea. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure, 5(3): 145-155. (in Korean)
4
Choi, S.-U., Yoon, B. M., Woo, H. and Cho, K.-H. 2004. Effect of flow-regime change due to damming on the river morphology and vegetation cover in the downstream river reach: a case of Hapchon Dam on the Hwang River. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 37(1). pp. 55-66. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2004.37.1.055
5
Choi, S.-U., Yoon, B.M. and Woo, H. 2005. Effects of dam-induced flow regime change on downstream river morphology and vegetation cover in the Hwang River, Korea. River Research and Applications, John Wiley & Sons 21: 315-325.
10.1002/rra.849
6
Egger, G., Politti, E., Woo, H. Cho, K.H. Park, M.H., Cho, H.J., Benjankar, R., Lee, N.J. and Lee, H. 2012. Dynamic vegetation model as a tool for ecological impact assessments of dam operation. Journal of Hydro- environment Research 6: 151-161.
10.1016/j.jher.2012.01.007
7
Garófano‐Gómez, V., Martínez‐Capel, F., Bertoldi, W., Gurnell, A., Estornell, J. and Segura‐Beltrán, F. 2013. Six decades of changes in the riparian corridor of a Mediterranean river: a synthetic analysis based on historical data sources. Ecohydrology 6(4): 536-553.
10.1002/eco.1330
8
Gurnell, A. 2014. Plants as river system engineers. Earth Surfaces Processes and Landforms 39: 4-25.
10.1002/esp.3397
9
Im, D., Kim, W., Choi, S.-U. and Kim, Y. 2011. Investigation of critical breaking moment through field tree-pulling test, Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers 31(4B): 323-332. (in Korean)
10
Jang, C.L. 2013. Experimental analysis of the morphological changes of the vegetated channels. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 46(9): 909-919. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2013.46.9.909
11
Jang, C.L. 2016. Experimental study on the sediment sorting processes of the bed surface by geomorphic changes in the vegetated channels. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 49(1): 73-81. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2016.49.1.73
12
Jin, S.N. and Cho, K.H. 2019. Expansion of riparian vegetation due to change of flood regime in the Cheongmi-cheon Stream, Korea. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 3(4): 322-326. (in Korean)
10.17820/eri.2016.3.4.322
13
Kang, H. and Choi, S.U. 2006. Turbulence modelling of compound open-channel flows with and without vegetation on the floodplain using the Reynolds stress model. Advances in Water Resources, 29: 1650-1664.
10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.12.004
14
Kim, T.B., Bae, H.D. and Choi, S.-U. 2010. Development and application of depth-integrated 2-D numerical model for the simulation of hydraulic characteristics in vegetated open-channel. Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers 30(6B): 607-615. (in Korean)
15
Kim, J.S., Kim, W. and Km, H.J. 2011. Application of depth-averaged 2-D numerical model for the evaluation of hydraulic effects in river with the riparian forest. Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers31(2B): 165-173. (in Korean)
16
Kim, H.S., Park, M.H. and Woo, H. 2014a. Numerical experiments of vegetation growth effects on bed change patterns. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 1(2): 68-81. (in Korean)
10.17820/eri.2014.1.2.068
17
Kim, H.J., Shin, B.K. and Kim, W. 2014b. A study on hydro-morphology and vegetation features depending on typology of natural streams in Korea. Korean journal of Environment and Ecology 28(2): 215-234. (in Korean)
10.13047/KJEE.2014.28.2.215
18
Kim, U.J., Cho, K.H. and Kang, J.K. 2014c.The study of correlation between riparian environment and vegetation distribution in Nakdong River. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 47(4): 321-330. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2014.47.4.321
19
Kong, H.Y., Kim, S., Lee, J., Lee, J. and Cho, H. 2016. Riparian environment change and vegetation immigration in sandbar after the sand mining. Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment 32(2): 135-141. (in Korean)
10.15681/KSWE.2016.32.2.135
20
Lane, E.W. 1957. A Study of the shape of channels formed by natural streams flowing in erodible material. US Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Division, Sediment Series, 9. US Army Corps of Engineers: Washington, DC, 106.
21
Lee, S.H. 2002. A study of the relationship between instream vegetation and sediment transport by a hydraulics model experiment. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association35(6): 753-762. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2002.35.6.753
22
Lee, J.W. and Yu, D.Y. 1997. Resistance test of riparian trees. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 30(30): 211-223. (in Korean)
23
Lee, M.J., Lee, S., Ji, Y.Y., Kim, H. J. and Song, H.K. 2002. Riparian vegetation around Pyeongchang-gun, an upper stream of Namhangang. Korean Journal of Environmental Biology 20(1): 55- 65. (in Korean)
24
Lee, D.S., Lee, D.H. and Kim, M.H. 2012a. Roughness coefficients evaluation of the Korean riparian vegetation. Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Hydro-engineering 32(6B): 345-354. (in Korean)
10.12652/Ksce.2012.32.6B.345
25
Lee, J.S., Julien, P.Y., Kim, J.H. and Lee, T.W. 2012b. Derivation of Roughness coefficient relationships using field data in vegetated rivers. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 45(2): 137-149. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2012.45.2.137
26
Lee, C.J., Kim, D.G., Hwang, S.Y., Jeong, S.J., Cho, Y. J., and Kim, S.N. 2019a. Dataset of long-term investigation on change in hydrology, channel Morphology, landscape and vegetation along the Naeseong Stream (II). Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 6(1): 34-48. (in Korean)
27
Lee, C.J., Woo, H. and Jang, C.L. 2019b. Effect of flow regime on accelerated recruitment and establishment of vegetation in unregulated sandy rivers - a case study at Naeseong-cheon Stream in Korea. Proceedings of the 38th IAHR Congress, Panama City, Panama. (To be presented)
28
Leopold, L.B. and Wolman, M.G. 1957. River channel patterns-braided, meandering and straight. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 282B. US Geological Survey: Reston, VA: 39-85.
10.3133/pp282B
29
Mackin, J. 1956. Causes of braiding by a graded river. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 37: 1717-1718.
30
Osterkamp, W.R. and Hupp, C.R. 2010. Fluvial processes and vegetation - Glimpses of the past, the present, and perhaps the future. Geomorphology 116: 274-285.
10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.018
31
Park, B., Jang, C.L., Lee, S.H. and Jung, K.S. 2008. An investigation of changes in the area of riparian bars and vegetative area downstream of dam. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 41: 1163-1172. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2008.41.12.1163
32
Solari, L., Oorschot, M. van, Belletti, B., Hendricks, D., Rinaldi, M. and Vargas-Luna, A. 2016. Advances on modelling riparian vegetation - Hydromorphology interactions. River Research and Applications32(2): 164-178.
10.1002/rra.2910
33
Vanoni, V. edited. 1977. Sedimentation Engineering. ASCE-Manuals and Practices on Engineering Practice - No. 54: 114.
34
Viles, H.A., 1988. Cyanobacterial and other biological influences on terrestrial limestone weathering on Aldabra: implications for landform development. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 8: 5-13.
35
Williams, G.P. 1978. Case of the shrinking channels - the North Platte and Platte Rivers in Nebraska. US Geological Survey, Circular 781(781), Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C., USA.
10.3133/cir781
36
Williams, G.P. and Wolman, M.G. 1984. Downstream effects of dams on alluvial channels. USGS Professional Paper 1286, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C., USA.
10.3133/pp1286
37
Woo, H., Yu, D.Y., Ahn, H.K. and Choi, S. U. 2002. A Preliminary study on vegetation growth on sandbars and scours in the Hwang River. Proceedings of KSCE Annual Conference: 1693-1696. (in Korean)
38
Woo, H. 2008. White river, green river? Magazine of Koreas Water Resources Association 41(12): 38-47. (in Korean)
39
Woo, H. 2009. Literature study of vegetation recruitment on riverine bars (I, II) -Investigation on the process of white river to green river. Magazine of Korea Water Resources Association 42(8): 37-53. (in Korean)
40
Woo, H. and Choi, S. U. 2013. Ch. 17 Hydraulic modeling of floodplain vegetation in Korea: development and applications. Ecohydraulics - an integrated approach, Ina Maddock et al edited, Wiley Blackwell.
10.1002/9781118526576.ch17
41
Woo, H., Jeong, S.J. and Cho, H.J. 2011. A field survey and analysis of ground water level and soil moisture in a riparian vegetation zone. Journal of Koreas Water Resources Association 44(10): 797-807. (in Korean)
10.3741/JKWRA.2011.44.10.797
42
Woo, H., Kim, J.S., Cho, K.H. and Cho, H.J. 2014. Vegetation recruitment on the ‘white’ sandbars on the Nakdong River at the historical village of Hahoe, Korea. Water and Environment Journal 28(4): 577-591.
10.1111/wej.12074
43
Woo, H., Kim, W. and Ji, W. 2015a. River Hydraulics. Chungmoongak Press: 605 and 627. (in Korean)
44
Woo, H., Kang, J.K., Cho, H.J., Choi, Y. S. and Park, M. H. 2015b. A preliminary verification of the influences of hydrologic regime change and nutrients influx on vegetation recruitment on riparian bars. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 2(4): 284-290. (in Korean)
10.17820/eri.2015.2.4.284
45
Woo, H. and Park, M.H. 2016. Cause-based categorization of the riparian vegetative recruitment and corresponding research direction. Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 3(3): 207-211. (in Korean)
10.17820/eri.2016.3.3.207
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Ecology and Infrastructure Engineering
  • Publisher(Ko) :응용생태공학회
  • Journal Title :Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
  • Journal Title(Ko) :응용생태공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 6
  • No :2
  • Pages :89-100
  • Received Date : 2019-06-05
  • Revised Date : 2019-06-19
  • Accepted Date : 2019-06-19
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.17820/eri.2019.6.2.089
Journal Informaiton Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
  • NRF
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close